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The story of Pip, a young orphan who works as a clerk for the lawyer Mr. Jaggers and whose benefactor Mr. Jaggers represents, is a well-known one. Pip lives with his mean older sister and her kind husband Joe. It is a harsh life but warm friends keep Pip satisfied. One day, he meets a convict on the run and brings him food, but the escaped prisoner is recaptured and sent away. At one point, Pip is hired by an eccentric, wealthy recluse, Miss Havisham, to serve as a companion to her daughter Estella, who is adopted. Pip is quite smitten with the beautiful but high-and-mighty Estella. Pip's world is radically transformed when he is told by Mr. Jaggers that a benefactor has "great expectations" and with his financial support, Pip can become a

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Part 1. What happens to the link between the human and the natural in "The Shipwreck" when Thoreau confronts hostile nature, very different from the domesticated one of Concord and Walden Pond? The tranquil view of nature in Concord and Walden Pond makes Thoreau want to immerse himself in nature. This perspective renders nature inspiring, calming, reviving, and fascinating-a view in which Thoreau feels at one with nature. At Walden Pond, he actually integrates himself into nature, separating himself from the accouterments of civilization to find his "roots," so to speak. Walls points out that "Romantic writers fundamentally rejected the mechanistic and soul-deadening rule of science in favor of the integrative power of organic nature," and this is precisely what Thoreau does at Walden Pond (18). Here, the link between the human and the natural is one of mutual accord, since Thoreau sees himself as part of nature, as proceeding from nature, and acknowledges that he is in some ways irrevocably connected with it. In the face of the shipwreck, however, Thoreau's depiction of the link between the human and the natural changes drastically. Where at

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Unlike most of Alfred Hitchcock's (1976) films where the director prefers to tell a story more in visual images than dialogue, there is a great deal of talk in his last film Family Plot, especially in the opening sequences. One of Hitchcock's most common themes is that of the innocent individual who wrongly finds himself in a terrible situation. In Family Plot, there are two near-innocent individuals caught in a situation that is over their heads and more terrible than they imagine. Madame Blanch and her boyfriend George are small-time grifters who use Blanch's pseudo-psychic business to milk customers out of their money. Blanch finds one old woman, Julia Rainbird, who wants to locate her now-adult lost nephew so he can inherit her fortune before she dies. In return, Blanch and George can collect a $10,000 reward. Instead of pretending to find an heir, Blanch actually intends to find him with George doing the detective work. On their way home, in near-delirium o

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In Amin Maalouf's (1984) The Crusades Through Arab Eyes, the Lebanese journalist offers an account of the Crusades from the Arab perspective. The Crusades occurred at a time when Arab culture was viewed by the West as sophisticated and advanced, compared to the Franj (Franks or all Westerners) who were unrefined in comparison, amounting to a reversal of modern perspective (Maalouf, 1984, p. xi). Likewise, Maalouf's account demonstrates that the Crusades were a turning point in Arab-Muslim history. To whit, parochialism in the Middle East and the contemporary division between the West and the Middle East are seen by Maalouf as stemming from this lengthy period of hostility between East and West. History is often written by the winners; in essence, Maalouf's account is the story of the Crusades from the losing side, that of the Arab-Muslims. The Franj came to the Holy Land with the desire to conquer territory and increase their own resources. Al-Afdal became concer

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The novel Caramelo, by Sandra Cisneros, is full of lively storytelling. Cisneros uses a predominant symbol to tie the threads of her story together: the caramel-colored rebozo, or silk shawl, that her grandmother gave her. Through this symbol, we come to see the story, "bits of string, odds and ends found here and there, embroidered together to make something new" (Cisneros Disclaimer), a fine piece of handmade work to be handed down to following generations, as well-woven and significant as a physical heirloom. Awful Grandmother's grandmother wove the rebozo using skills rarely found in modern days. These Mexican shawls range in quality, from the utilitarian style of rough, un-dyed cotton the poorest women carry their infants in, to the finest threads of silk. "Caramelo describes one of the latter variety, the word defining the golden tan flecked with black and white that brings to mind the sweet of the same name" (Randall, n.p.). The word caramelo takes on a deeper meaning in t

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The purpose of this report is three fold. The multifaceted purpose is as follows: 1. Analyze the marketing environment affecting the Chevrolet Corvette 2. Assess the current General Motors marketing strategy for the Chevrolet Corvette 3. Develop a future marketing strategy for the Chevorlet corvette Aaker (2007) stated that strategic marketing management is valuable for several reasons. With respect to the strategy applied to the Chevorlet Corvette by General Motors, the most salient of these reasons are (a) to cause the company to consider strategic choices and (b) to "force a long-term view" (p. 15). In February 2008, General Motors reported an annual loss for 2007 of almost $39 billion. As a part of the plan to stabilize and ultimately reverse the situation, management announced simultaneously an initiative designed to lower future payroll costs by offering buyouts to 74,000 employees (Popely, 2008). The record annual financial loss, together with the massive buyout

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The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum is located at 1071 Fifth Avenue at 89th Street in New York City. Frank Lloyd Wright was the architect for this building, which is a very modern circular structure containing an interior spiral walkway leading to the dome above the central atrium. It is shaped like a teacup or an upside down terraced hill (Willensky and White, 425). As described by Robert A.M. Stern, Thomas Mellins, and David Fishman (807-808), the complexity of the interior of the structure is such that a visitor will benefit from having a floor plan and might well expect to spend the better part of a day going through its many galleries. The initial impression of this building from the street is of a somewhat bland curvilinear structure, which is interesting because it was built in 1959. When

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Dear Mersault, This letter comes to you with utmost urgency, as you await execution for your murder conviction. Your lost habit of self-analysis has made you a stranger to yourself and alienated from others. Your dearly beloved Maman has died, yet your reaction to her death shows you have become detached from human emotion and feeling. As you said, "I probably did love Maman, but that didn't mean anything. At one time or another all normal people have wished their loved ones were dead" (Camus 65). You have killed a complete "stranger," without provocation, which shows you have become lost to yourself and to God. Before your execution I appeal to you to renounce your existential feelings and embrace God's forgiveness and redemption. You have become removed from human feeling in your personal and social life, which makes you believe there is no meaning in human existence. You cannot even concern yourself with the news of your mother's death, "Maman died

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As developed by David M. Kennedy, the biography of Margaret Sanger is less the narrative of a woman--even a politically active woman--than the history of an idea that, well articulated, served as the inspiration for generations of socially concerned persons to make available to women as well as men a host of life options rather than a host of lesser-evil decisions. In Birth Control in America: The Career of Margaret Sanger, Kennedy demonstrates how a culturally transitional figure could seize a public health issue, explicate the scientific and social principles informing it, and transform consciousness of the issue on a large scale. The revolutionary and transformational nature of Sanger's work becomes all the more remarkable when one considers that little in Sanger's background of genteel poverty except her father's passion for social justice was likely to position her as a leader of an unpopular, sometimes dangerous, yet scientifically defensible cause. Beginning with

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Dear Hamlet, The recent loss of your father and spectacular revelation that his brother, the very uncle who married your mother, is responsible for his murder has thrown your world into near madness. Thomas Marc Perrot (135) maintains you are a perfect example of what can happen to a "very young" man who sees his entire support system "disintegrate" within a "single moment." Your youth confuses you as you confront the death of your father and its implications. You believe your life is not worth "a pin's fee" and seem suicidal in your detachment from others and the world you view as a "goodly" prison, "Denmark being one of the worst" (Shakespeare 1076; 1084). Although your father's death and the circumstances surrounding and unfolding from it are sufficient cause of grief and despair in anyone, you are Divine as the presumptive heir to the throne of Denmark and must abandon any thoughts of suicide. The revelation that your uncle Claudius killed your fathe

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Alexander Payne's (2004) film "Sideways" reveals the tale of friendship between two middle-aged men who have been friends since college, Miles and Jack. Miles is a middle-school English teacher whose marriage has failed and whose novel has not sold. His friend Jack is getting married in a week, but Miles, also a wine connoisseur, abruptly informs him he is taking him on a week long bachelor party in California wine country. It seems that Miles may be a true connoisseur by day but by nightfall he is always drunk. Miles has named his novel "The Day After Yesterday," what today typically feels like to an alcoholic (Payne 2004). Jack is a would-be actor who tells people he does commercials, but he really is the voice at the end of t

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I Shawn Wittmier has observed that the heroic archetype in modern myth "is one that is a fairly set pattern. In order to have a successful heroic figure, the tale must follow theses lines." Theses lines have the effect of shaping archetypal heroism, whatever culture the heroism springs from. That suggests that they can be applied equally to ancient and modern heroes, that the mythical archetypal hero of the past is essentially the same as today. In the ancient mythical figure of Odysseus, as well as in the modern movie hero Indiana Jones, can be seen a larger-than-life charisma that attracts and nurtures an enduring human desire for attachment to something greater than the ordinary. The attraction to heroes and heroism has not changed much over the millennia, nor have the general lines of action that demonstrate how a hero's persona is operationalized. That is the subject of this essay. The big picture of identification of the archetypal hero who rises above the mund

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Giuseppe Verdi's La Traviata is focused on the love affair between Violetta, a woman who has, as the title suggests, been "led astray" and is a courtesan, and Alfredo, a gentleman who is led to believe hat she is unfaithful (John, 1981). The course of this love affair is predictable: the couple meet, fall in love, quarrel, separate, and reunite only when Violetta lies dying of the "consumption" (i.e., tuberculosis) that is one of the consequences of her lifestyle. Along to way to an ending in which Alfredo returns to the dying woman, having learned that Violetta was not unfaithful to him, opera goers are treated to frenzied and gay parties in Violetta's salon, arias of love and passion, a duel, parental anger, and a diagnosis of a fatal condition. As Arthur Groos (1995, p. 233) commented, "the last fin de siecle was highly conscious of the pervasive 'white plague'" known today as tuberculosis. Operatic and literary heroines were often dispatched via this dread disease, which could

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1. According to Alannah E. Rafferty and Mark A. Griffin in an article published by Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology (2006), there are a number of characteristics, including but not limited to self-confidence, that characterize leaders. Other characteristics common and possibly even essential to leaders include having a clear vision of the future, consistency, the ability to empower others, a willingness to delegate authority, being a strategic thinker, decisiveness, perseverance, being proactive, leading by example, being creative, the ability to admit mistakes and a willingness to learn from the

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A customer analysis of Sprint reveals that Sprint's customers are a rapidly diminishing consumer group that regard the company's customer service as abysmal. In July 2005, "Sprint Nextel was rated the worst network provider in the USA by its service, and worse, its customer service was dead last among all American corporations, not just telecoms" (Ahonen, 2008). Sprint reported in January that although it added 742,000 customers in the previous quarter, it lost 306,000 postpaid subscribers (Jones, 2007). Customers' unhappiness with Sprint's service was magnified exponentially when it dropped 1,000 customers that were complaining too much; further investigation showed that Sprint's customer service itself was prompting the numerous callbacks by forcing customers to hang up and call other numbers (Ahonen, 2008). Sprint has set up three channels for selling its products(the Sprint Indirect Sales Program, the Sprint Channel Partner Program, and Sprint Lead Referral Program ("Sell Sprint Services," 2002). The Sprint Indirect Sales Program is for U.S. Sprint partners, while the other two programs are for those outside the U.S. ("Sell Sprint Services," 2002).

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Introduction At the beginning of 2008, Elshinnawi (2008) discussed the fact that it would be quite possible for American voters to turn this year's Presidential election into historic proportions by voting for either an African-American president or a female President. As Elshinnawi (2008: 1) put it: Political scientists believe a real change is occurring in voters' attitudes toward historic racial and gender barriers in American politics, and the 2008 competition is shaping up to be a presidential campaign like none before it. As of early June, however, the primaries were over in every state and the Democratic nominee was Barack Obama, thereby ending the chance that there would be a female President elected in 2008. While some consideration is being given to Hillary Clinton as Vice President, the sources cited by most journalists state that she will not be asked to fill this position (Davis, 2008; Drum, 2008; Page, 2008). What is surprising to some i

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In Ernest Hemingway's classic novella The Old Man and the Sea, the author provides us with an old fisherman named Santiago who risks the dangers of the sea and a fierce group of sharks to land his prize catch, a marlin bigger than any he has ever seen. After exhibiting courage and endurance, Santiago ultimately catches his prize marlin but sharks attack it before the old fisherman can get his catch safely to shore. Despite this loss, Hemingway admires Santiago and the marlin as symbols that represent the respective struggle of human beings to maintain courage and dignity in an often harsh and unforgiving universe or nature. The main theme of the novella is that human beings can retain a sense of dignity and honor and resilience despite the triumphs and tragedies of the strug

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Overview Stuttering is an example of a dysfluency in speech (Hegde, 2008). Fluency is a speech pattern which flows rhythmically and smoothly whereas dysfluencies are known as disruptions or breaks in the smooth and regular flow of speech (Shipley & McAfee, 1998). While dysfluencies can be experienced even by individuals who are normally fluent, there are several communicative disorders that affect speech fluency. Stuttering is regarded as one of the most extensively studied yet poorly understood communicative disorders and Guitar (2006), as well as Shipley and McAfee (1998), comment that authorities do not agree on a universal definition of stuttering or on an explanation of its etiology. Various theories have been proposed to explain stuttering. Shipley and McAfee (1998) differentiate between the organic and environmental theories that have been offered, noting that there are approximately 11 different etiological theories addressing this fluency dysfunction. Hegde (2008)

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In Ernest Hemingway's novel A Farewell To Arms, the story of the love affair between Catherine Barkley and Frederick Henry is told. While Catherine seeks love even if she must self-construct her illusions of it, Henry remains emotionally cool and distant. Despite many individuals viewing Catherine's desire for love and her willingness to fabricate the illusion of it as weakness, in actuality her character ultimately teaches Henry to live and love. Catherine Barkley brings enormous change into the life of Henry, who before her arrival buries his emotional scars over war and women in work, alcohol, and casual sexual encounters. Like Rinaldi, who "never thinks," before Catherine'

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Cubism was essentially a revolution in the approach taken by an artist to space, both on the flat surface of a canvas and in sculpture. As noted by Laurie Adams (1997: 461), "the main European impetus for Cubism came from Cezanne's new spatial organization: building up an image from constructions of color. Other decisive currents of influence came from so-called 'primitive' cultures and the art of the Iberian peninsula." Two of the most influential figures in the Cubism movement were Pablo Picasso from Spain and Georges Braque of France. This essay will consider the work of these two artists, comparing and contrasting their approaches to Cubism. Michael Brenson (1989: 1) described Picasso and Braque as having been virtually inseparable in the early 1900s. A critical difference between the two is that Braque worked more slowly than Picasso and exhibited an ethical rigor rivaling that of Cezanne (Brenson 1989: 1). In contrast, Picasso worked rapidly and saw Cezanne's work

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The American Revolution, as described by Sellers, May, and McMillen (38-39), represented the culmination of years of struggle on the part of a colonial people to obtain parity with the "mother country." The process of revolution in the United States pitted 13 relatively small colonies against one of the most powerful empires the world has ever seen - that of Great Britain - which had a vested interest in retaining autocratic control over the affairs of its colonies in America. The American Revolution occurred in an era in which the philosophy of the Enlightenment and new ideas regarding liberty and equality were inflaming the passions of men and women (Norton, Katzman, Escott, Chudacoff, Patterson, and Tuttle, 91-93). When one compares the American Revolution to the process of democratization currently talking place in Iraq, one quickly realizes that there is no valid comparison between these two processes. The only synergy between the American Revolution and democratization i

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Introduction In the novel A Tale of Two Cities, Charles Dickens provides an account of London, England and Paris during the French Revolution. Part of the novel shows the inhumane oppression visited on the French people by the ruling aristocracy, while the other part is devoted to showing the inhumane response of the people toward the former aristocrats after the Revolution. Throughout these events, we follow the fate of Sydney Carton, an English lawyer whose spirit is abandoned before he redeems himself through his sacrifice and love for Lucie Manette, the wife of the virtuous aristocrat Charles Darnay. Dickens uses the legal profession to which Carton belongs as a symbol for Carton's loss of spirit and ultimate rebirth, by showing how Carton must correct the injustices of the legal system to advance social justice and save his soul. A conclusion will address why Dickens might have used the law to symbolize Carton's rebirth. Body In A Tale of

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Diane Gill (1986) pointed out that gender and social diversity are relatively new topics addressed within sport and exercise psychology because it is only within the past three or four decades that an understanding of the interests of women in amateur and professional sports has become apparent. Gill (1986) says that traditionally, the term "athlete" automatically meant "male" and that the relatively small number of women who are professional athletes before the 1970s tended to be focused in individual sports like tennis and golf At issue in this report is a discussion of how, despite years of progress toward gender equality in athletics, women continue to encounter sexist discriminatory practices that impact on their participation in sports. The primary thrust of the report is on amateur or collegiate or sporting events where competition for limited resources between male and female sports is intense (Davis, 2002). Gill (1986) asserts that both sport and exercise remain h

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Introduction The automobile industry was, at one time, a driving force in the American economy. Detroit, where the three major American manufacturers were headquartered, was nicknamed "Motor City" and autoworkers remained with their employers for decades and often worked for one company for their entire career. The automobile industry was a large consumer of steel and rubber, and suppliers to the industry included other large companies as well as smaller suppliers. In the latter years of the twentieth century, however, the American auto industry faced challenges that were previously unthinkable. Gas prices began climbing, Asian manufacturers introduced their products and found a ready market among American consumers, and new production processes required innovation that was not always eagerly or easily embraced. This research considers the two leading American car manufacturers-General Motors and Ford-their current positions within the industry, and an analysis of th

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It was bad news for us after the Liberal landslide victory in 1906. Like most with Tory landlords, we were thrown off our small land plot (Armstrong 149). Our landlord, McKracken, evicted us to our own luck. We were smallholders in Norfolk. The General Election was good for our cousins, all of us being Slaters. The cousins, George Slater, Peter Slater and Linda (née Slater) Bombwick, lived in North Walsham and got caught up in the post-eviction thrills with the Agricultural Labourers and Smallholders Union of the eastern counties over that way. George and Peter rose in the ranks, bought more than 4 acres of land from their employers, and they now own an automobile. Linda's husband works in the factories on 13 shillings a week. Patricia, our ten-year-old son, and I moved to America with the pounds we had saved. We decided to settle in Chicago. It was clear to my pa that, as early as 1853, our days as plough people were were over. The reaping machines were being used by all t

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