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Introduction Patients presenting with some type of chemical dependency (alcoholism, drug use/abuse, and so forth) are often given what is known as a dual diagnosis. A differential diagnosis consists of ruling out various alternative diagnoses, ruling out an etiological general medical condition, determining the specific primary disorder, and ultimately establishing boundaries between disorders or no disorders (DSM-IV-TR, 2008). A dual diagnosis, in contrast, refers to a case in which an individual presents with an emotional/psychiatric problem along with an alcohol or drug problem (Mental Health America, 2008). Dual diagnoses are extremely common and the presence of the symptoms and antecedents of alcohol, sedative-hypnotics, stimulants, and hallucinogen abuse complicate the diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder by obscuring their causes and symptoms. At issue herein is the linkage between chemical dependency and anxiety, one of the more common disturbances of mood and affect

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Today's global business environment has created significant challenges for logistics. From one end of the supply chain to another, companies are expanding in low-cost areas and selling in new markets while locating manufacturing plants in new areas to fuel growth. As Hannon (2008) argues, "With companies and industries globalizing at a breathtaking pace, finding the right logistics strategy may be the difference between success and failure" (p. 1). This analysis will discuss a number of considerations involved in logistics strategy in the global marketplace. The global marketplace has changed the reality of logistics. Today's firms have expanded supply chains and many outsource different aspects of the manufacturing process all over the world. The explosion of global trade and the move to a post-industrial society in the developed world has created the need to produce goods quickly and at a high quality level, most often in different parts of the world. The logistics manager must connect all the dots, so-to-speak, to ensure the correct products in quality condi

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The Jollibee case is notable as much for its leadership as for its products and international approach. In Tony Kitchner's case, in his three years as head of the company's International Operations, his leadership manifested both savvy professionalism and abysmal international expansion efforts. Kitchner's institution of a dress code was apt, converting the company from one that looked like a neighborhood chain to one with a multinational image. While his "planting flags" approach reflected an interest in giving the company greater reach within its region, Kitchner's egregious lack of planning and research made it a failure. He simply opened stores in various Asian cities on the assumption that Jollibee's success in the Philippines could be transplanted with little adaptation and these stores folded one after another as he discovered his error. In addition, his approach created strained relations between his Philippine staff and the International staff. Overall, Kitchner's

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Devout Roman Catholics, because of their faith, define abortion under any circumstances as a sin, primarily because all forms of abortion are equated with the taking of a human life. From the perspective of Catholics and other religious groups, abortion is no more than the murder of an unborn human being. Roe v. Wade and other legislation sanctioning legal abortion is both a legal and a moral failure to Catholics. Other than the explicit "Thou shalt not kill" Commandment, the Bible remains silent on the issue of abortion. However, in the Didashe, a book of rules that many consider to be the teachings of the Apostles, it is proclaimed, "you shall not kill by abortion the fruit of the womb and you shall not murder the infant already born" (Pope, 1974, p. 1). The opposition to abortion in any form at any time during pregnancy from conception onward derives from sacred Scripture and tradition, with regard to the "inviolability of innocent human life" (Pope, 1991, p. 1). Any f

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Eva Perón, or "Evita," as she liked to be called, had a profound influence on history. Her obituary in The New York Times (1952) described her as "ambitious, beautiful, ruthless," and it chronicled her life in one short phrase: "She began in obscurity and rose to the heights." Remarkably, she rose in only 12 years "from obscurity to fame, wealth and power on the unpredictable currents of Argentine political life" (The New York Times, 1952). Evita's important role in the government, her influence on the international scene, and her personal power as a woman left an indelible impact on history, and the story of how she rose to power is so compelling that it has already been told in musicals and film. Evita was born the illegitimate child of Juan Duarte, a local Argentinian landowner who abandoned her mother when she was three years old (Navarro, 1977, p. 229). Growing up in a Buenos Aires province with her family, Evita was disinterested in school and after finis

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Question 1: In the case of a high conflict divorcing couple, one of the tasks of the mediator is to assist clients in focusing on the impact of their divorce on their children. One should allow a minimal amount of discussion about interpersonal insights and issues from the past and make the clients aware that mediation is about the present and the future. Interpersonal relationship issues are relevant only to the extent that they affect the present and the future. Given that the minor children of the couple are likely to be experiencing significant stress as a consequence of the parental conflict and the divorce decision, I would focus the attention of the parents on identifying the kinds of concerns that are likely to affect the well-being of their children. Working to increase the parties' willingness to view the divorce as it affects their children would be a key strategy in this mediation. Identifying children's financial, housing, emotional, and academic needs and concer

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One Despite creating a then radical new form of government, the Constitutional Convention that resulted in the U.S. Constitution is characterized more as elitist than as pluralist in nature. One of the most significant reasons for this is that the members to the convention were all European, wealthy members of the upper-class that sought a strong central government to solidify their own power. While the Convention was allegedly held to modify the Articles of Confederation, which had been guiding government, individuals like Alexander Hamilton and James Madison fought for a totally new form of government. Janda, Berry, and Goldman (2006) describe the different plans for the new government offered by Virginia and New J

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Introduction The early life of Florence Nightingale demonstrates her passion and commitment to helping other through the field of nursing. Born into a wealthy, upper-class British family in Florence, Nightingale's parents named her after the city where she was born (Florence, 2008). Her father was William Edward Nightingale and her mother was Frances, also called "Fanny" (Florence, 2008). Nightingale's parents were adamant she follow the typical course of a woman of her station; that is they hoped she would become a wife and mother. However, in 1837 Nightingale has was inspired by what she considered a "Christian divine calling," and from that point on she committed herself to nursing and caring for others, especially the poor (Florence, 2008, p. 1). In the 1840s, Nightingale devoted her life to helping care for the poor and indigent, something she achieved by becoming "the leading advocate for improved medical care in the infirmaries" devoted to the care of th

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According to Scribner and Layton (1995), increasing interest in education policy over the past few decades has "politicized policy-oriented research in the field" (p. 118). The responsibility of those who shape public policy is to broaden the range of potential responses to issues and deepen society's understanding of itself. As Scribner and Layton (1995) assert, despite this responsibility the "proliferation of 'think tanks' in recent years illustrates how political resources influence what can be studied and how public opinion can be influenced and manipulated by deliberately slanted research" (p. 118). The Citizens' Committee for Children (CCC) of New York is a "think tank" whose stated mission and purpose are to "Provide a voice for children who have no voice, especially low-income children and children with special needs and ensures that every child is healthy, housed, educated and safe today" (Charity, 2008, p. 1). Therefore, the organization's main issues of resear

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Logistics can be traced from the Greeks and Romans, where "Logistikas" were in charge of financial and supply distribution in the military ("Logistics" para. 2). Logistics management developed into a business concept in the 1950s (para. 7), and has been evolving ever since. While much of logistics management has remained the same - freight still needs to be physically hauled via train, truck, ship, or air to its final destination - how quickly the shipment is arranged, shipped, billed, and paid for has changed drastically, basically due to the internet. Because of the capabilities available via the internet, someone can start a widget selling business in St. Louis, Missouri, for example, where they set up a website and accounts with ven

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Introduction The computer has become ubiquitous in everyday American life. Not only do many Americans use computers in their jobs, millions have computers in their homes and schools, and there are computers in daily transactions ranging from the supermarket to the bank to the automobile. Business in particular relies on computers for the efficient and effective execution of its plans, and it is difficult to imagine daily life without e-mail or the Internet. Yet it took many decades for the computer to reach this level of acceptance, and innovation was initially limited to a few large companies and the government which, combined, had the resources required to develop the innovations that ultimately drove the development of the computer. This research considers the role of the government in moving the technology forward, and the role that the government might play in the future of computing innovation. Moore's Law According to Moore's Law, the compon

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The human animal in its natural state has the capacity for both good and evil acts, choices primarily dictated by survival. With no interest other than self-interest at stake, humans in their natural state are not constrained by the boundaries of the social contract. When human beings form a society or civilized existence, the social contract typically exists to protect the interests of all over the interests of the few, thereby limiting self-interested acts. Some argue that civilization reflects an essential goodness on the part of human beings by the fact that its very formation is for the collective good of its inhabitants. Others argue that civilization is necessary to control the natural tendency of human beings toward destructive behavior. Frans De Waal maintains human beings are capable of exhibiting altruism and kindness without external constraints and disconnected from genetics as the cause in "The Ape and the Sushi Master." In contrast, Malcolm Gladwel

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The American Association of Retired Persons, or AARP, has been involved in New York legislative politics principally in connection with policies about prescription drugs. In 2007, for example, AARP lobbied for a law that would enable the state to buy prescription drugs in bulk and mandate passing the savings to uninsured or underinsured residents of New York (Bridges 2). The high and rising costs of prescription drugs were described as the rationale for AARP's position. The group also called for disclosure by drug manufacturers of the amount of money they spent on marketing, including the gifting of incentives to physician prescribers. With its state-by-state Internet presence, its practice of creating press releases

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Introduction Walt Disney Companies (2008a, p. 1) described its mission as follows: At the Walt Disney Company we are committed to a standard of excellence in every aspect of our business and in every corner of the world, ethical and responsible conduct in all of our operations respect for the rights of all individuals and respect for the environment. The Walt Disney Company, together with its subsidiaries, is a diversified worldwide entertainment company with operations in four business segments: Media Networks, Parks and Resorts, Studio Entertainment and Consumer Products. As a major player in a broad set of sectors, Walt Disney Companies has focused much of its effort on achieving internal diversity, understood by Ivancevich (1998) as encompassing a workforce and suppliers/vendor base that is heterogenous, reflecting the population demographics of the country or service area, and open to individuals from all socio-economic, ethnic, racial, educationa

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Outline Thesis Statement: Moore's poem, "Poetry" is her definition of what "genuine" poetry is. It is not using pretty words to assign special significance to everyday objects; it is creating an experience so true that it is more real than "real life." I. Introduction A. There are more important things than poetry. 1. "I, too, dislike it: there are things that are important beyond all this fiddle." (Line 1) B. However, genuine

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School vouchers, magnet schools, and charter schools all serve various functions in the educational system. These schools are found largely in urban areas with dense populations. Briefly, school vouchers allow students to choose a school, magnet schools attract gifted minority students, and charter schools provide education outside of the traditional public school system. School vouchers allow families to select the public or private schools of their choice by redirecting the funding that usually goes to school districts directly to the family instead (Coulson, 1998). They often include scholarships and are provided by the government, private schools, or both (Coulson, 1998). Vouchers are highly controversial, and several studies have been carried out regarding their effects and their benefits. A study found that vouchers benefit minorities and families with lower incomes, as they are most likely to apply and use vouchers (Campbell et al., 2005). Another study found, however, that vouchers created segregation by class and race (Ferraiolo et al., 2004). Farrell and Mathe

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Films are often used for purposes other than entertainment - to educate, to inform, to motivate, and to persuade. "The Women of Summer," a documentary depicting an historic moment when feminists, unionists, and educators came together at Bryn Mawr's Summer School for Women Workers, is one such film. Another is Jane Elliott's "A Class Divided," a documentary that chronicles an exercise in which a class of third grade children in Riceville, Iowa were grouped into "them" and "us" while the camera observed the resulting biases and stereotypes which emerged (Frontline, 2005). "The Women of Summer" was filmed by Suzanne Bauman and Rita Heller and focuses on the activities occurring at a summer program under the aegis of an exclusive women's college. These events in which working class women were introduced to the realm of humanistic and political thought is presented through the eyes of the alumni 50 years later at a reunion ("The Women of Summer," 2008). The actual summer school program was operated from 1921 to 1938, but the retrospective was f

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Introduction Bernardo Bertolucci's "The Conformist" was released in 1970, and as the title suggests it portrays the forces of conformity on protagonist Marcello Clerici (aka Jean Louis Trintignant) in an era of fascism in Italy. Although the pressures to conform in Mussolini Italy are significant, Marcello's dilemma is wrought by the pressures of the past on the future. A sexual trauma in Marcello's youth haunts his present to a significant degree, driving him both by what he wants to forget and by what he believes he needs. This analysis will discuss this dilemma as it is portrayed in "The Conformist." A conclusion will explore what the film teaches us about the future. Body In "The Conformist," Marcello is an upper-class Italian in Mussolini's fascist Italy of the 1930s. Marcello is isolated and feels disconnected from his fellow man, recognizing only his differences from others. Marcello is haunted by the past trauma in his youth of shooting his chauffeur after the man attempted to sexually molest him. Marcello's retaliati

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Ethanol, also known as ethyl alcohol or grain alcohol, is defined as "an alcohol obtained from the fermentation of sugars and starches or by chemical synthesis" (Ethanol 1). Ethanol is the "intoxicating" ingredient in alcoholic drinks and is also used as a "solvent, in explosives, and as an additive to or replacement for petroleum-based fuels" (Ethanol 1). Ethanol has been used for thousands of years by human beings as an intoxicant in beverages. One history notes that "dried residues" discovered on 9000 year-old pottery in Northern China implies "the use of alcoholic beverages even among Neolithic peoples (History 1). Absolute alcohol, containing less than 1% water, was first obtained by 1796 by Johann Tobias Lowitz, who filtered ethanol through charcoal (History 1). In the eighteenth century, Antoine Lavoisier characterized ethanol as a compound consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but its chemical formula was not discovered until the early nineteenth cen

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In Paul Haggis' (2004) film "Crash," it appears that, a decade after Rodney King, people in Los Angeles still cannot get along. The film offers the interconnected stories of whites, blacks, Latinos, Koreans, cops and criminals, rich and poor, and the powerful and powerless. All of these individuals are in some manner or another connected through racism. Everyone is guilty of racism and everyone is at the s

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Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the world has been home to a single superpower - the United States. Over the course of the past 18 or so years since the Soviet Union dissolved, the United States has assumed great and greater authority in terms of geopolitical affairs and cultural dominance. This point was made by Mark Hertsgaard (783), who suggested that America's "habit of thinking it has all the answers" is one of the central explanations for its increasing vulnerability to terrorist attacks by state and non-state actors who see in the United States an ambitious, demanding and excessively authoritative global power with little real knowledge about the outside world. This essay will examine the related issues of terrorism targeting the United States, the status of the American empire, and the rise of China as another competitor for global influence. The arguments advanced by Hertsgaard (784-785) is that the united States had become the target of terrorist attacks such

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There are any number of theories of motivation that have been used in organizations to develop programs and strategies for encouraging employees to achieve high levels of productivity and enhanced performance. Two theoretical frameworks will be addressed in this essay. The first is Frederick Herzberg's (1968) theory of job enrichment. The second is Victor Vroom's (1994) expectancy theory. According to Bohlander and Snell (2004), both of these motivational frameworks continue to be used in organizations today. Herzberg's (1968) theory is a two-factor process which holds that individuals are motivated by factors that are intrinsic to their job such as the sense of autonomy and satisfaction their jobs provide, as well as factors external to their job such as compensation. However, Herzberg (1968) asserted that external factors such as compensation only have the effect of preventing individuals from becoming dissatisfied with their jobs. Compensation as a primary motivator ther

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One One of the many indignities Morrie faces with respect to being dependent on others for his basic needs is his need to ring a bell when his head needs adjusted when he has to "go on the commode" (Albom, 1997, p. 56). Morrie must depend on his small army of home care workers to attend to his feeding, mobility, and toileting. Mitch thinks Morrie would be depressed over this. Morrie admits the way he handles it is to put a limit on the daily amount of mourning he allows himself. "Sometimes, in the mornings...that's when I mourn...A little each morning, a few tears, and that's all" (Albom, 1997, pp. 56-57). After this, Morrie focuses on all the positive things in his life, like his visits from Mitch and the fact he is lucky he has so long to say goodbye to his loved ones. It is primarily Morrie's attitude that permits this ability to see the positive in his otherwise dour condition, "It's only horrible if you see it that way" (Albom, 1997, p. 57). Two I thi

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Individuals who choose to work as freelancers are confronted by many challenges, including unstable Internet connections, multiple distractions, the difficulty of remaining in contact with employers, and attempting to fit into organizational cultures that are maintained through direct interpersonal interactions (Woodward 2008, pp. 1-2). As an individual who engages in freelance work as a consultant to a variety of organizations on issues ranging from sales to marketing to promotional activities, I have often found it difficult to adjust my work styles to the requirements of a temporary employer. This is particularly challenging because many organizations that rely on freelancers tend to be engaged in major organizational change initiativ

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Conflict, whether in the form of disagreements between intimate partners and friends or on the larger scale of hostilities between countries or interest groups, is challenging and requires careful strategies for management. Communication theorists such as Trenholm and Jensen (352) note that conflicts and differences of opinion are normal elements of all communication contexts. The approach taken to managing conflict and diffusing it may vary from individual to individual but at its heart, conflict management involves the art of negotiation which seeks to diffuse tension, to reach a decision that is mutually acceptable to the parties, and to prevent future disputes covering the same issues. This essay will present a personal assessment of conflict management approaches, using examples to illustrate a style of accommodation that seeks to create a win-win-situation for all concerned. The five conflict management styles commonly identified in the literature are the competing, avoi

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